Chapter 2: Installing or upgrading an SCO system

Table of contents

Chapter 2

Installing or upgrading an SCO system

This chapter explains how to install or upgrade an SCO OpenServer system on your computer. Specifically, it covers:

If you encounter problems during the installation, see Chapter 3, ``Troubleshooting the installation''.

Before you begin:

See also:

Installation and upgrade checklist

You will need this information to respond to prompts during the installation. If you do not record this information before starting, you might have to stop the installation and start again from the beginning.

After installation, keep this checklist with your system log. 

  1. Boot-time Loadable Drivers        []  No
     (BTLDs) required?                 []  Yes, enter
     Also consult your BTLD software   package names:
     supplier's documentation.         --------------------
                                       --------------------
                                       --------------------
                                       --------------------

  2. Installation media                []  ATAPI/EIDE CD-
     If you use your primary drive,    ROM
     autodetection will probably           (ATAPI-2-
     fill in the correct entry.  See   compliant)
     SCO's Compatible Hardware Web       IDE Controller
     Pages for device names.  See          Primary or
     this book for SCSI                secondary:
     configuration                         Master or slave:
                                       []  SCSI CD-ROM
                                         SCSI Adaptor Type:
                                         SCSI Host Adaptor:
                                         SCSI ID:
                                         SCSI LUN: 0
                                          (always 0 for
                                       SCO-provided
                                          drivers)
                                         SCSI BUS:

  3. Keyboard language                 --------------------
     (For example, UK English.)

  4. License number                    --------------------
     Copy answers 4, 5, and 6 from     --------------------
     the Certificate of License and
     Authenticity (COLA.)  If you
     are performing an Upgrade 
     installation, you must have the
     license keys for both the
     original system as well as the
     upgrade.

  5. License code                      --------------------
                                       --------------------

  6. License data                      --------------------
     (This field appears only during   --------------------
     certain installations.)

  7. Installation type                 []  Fresh
     An Upgrade preserves your         []  Upgrade (if
     existing filesystems, but may     system is suitable)
     not provide all the new           If upgrading, stop
     functionality that a Fresh        here and begin the
     installation offers.  (Some       upgrade procedure. 
     systems cannot be upgraded.)

  8. System name                       --------------------
     Must be unique, begin with a
     letter, and contain only
     lowercase letters and numbers
     (a maximum of 8 characters).

  9. Domain name                       --------------------

 10. Security profile                  []  High (above C2)
     Use High for systems with         []  Improved (C2)
     confidential information and      []  Traditional
     many users, Improved for          []  Low
     systems with users who share
     information, Traditional to
     maintain compatibility with
     existing UNIX systems, or Low 
     for systems not widely or
     publically accessed.

 11. Time zone                         Continent or
                                       geographic area:
                                       --------------------
                                       Time zone name:
                                       --------------------
                                       Daylight savings
                                       observed?
                                       []  Yes    []  No

 12. Language                          --------------------
     If you will be running a
     language product other than US
     English (for example, French or
     German), specify it here.

 13. Initial system profile            []  Standard system
     Standard Enterprise installs      []  Lightweight
     all software except Microsoft     character terminal
     LAN Manager Client, SCO           []  Database
     Gateway, and PC-Interface®        services (add to
     Server.  Lightweight character      either Standard or
     terminal also leaves out the      Lightweight)
     X11 server and clients,
     graphical administration tools,
     and the IPX/SPX runtime.
     Database services adds the suds 
     driver for large database
     products.

 14. Hard disk setup, first disk       []  Preserve (if
     Preserve maintains current        available)
     partitions and divisions (some    []  Use whole disk
     systems cannot be preserved).     for UNIX
     Use whole disk for UNIX           []  Customized
     configures default partitions     layout
     and divisions. Customize lets     []  Interactive
     you create and resize             fdisk/divvy
     partitions and divisions.
     Interactive invokes fdisk(ADM) 
     and divvy(ADM) for more
     precision.

     Customized or Interactive
     layout 
     (Also see the Release Notes for
     a description of filesystem
     types.)
         UNIX partition size (MB)      --------------------
         DOS partition size (MB)       --------------------
         Other partition size (MB)     --------------------
         boot filesystem size (MB)     --------------------
         swap space size (MB)          --------------------
         (recommend 1.5 to 2 times RAM)
         root filesystem size (MB)     --------------------
         (new filesystem types no longer require small root
         filesystems)
         Other filesystems size (MB)   --------------------

 15. Bad track/block, first disk       []  None
     Thorough/destructive ensures      []
     the highest disk integrity, but   Thorough/destructive
     takes longer.  Less thorough      []  Thorough/non-
     choices increase the risk of      destructive
     installation failure due to bad   []
     spots on the disk.                Quick/destructive
                                       []  Quick/non-
                                       destructive

 16. Hard disk setup, second disk      []  Preserve (if
     (If applicable)                   available)
                                       []  Use whole disk
                                       for UNIX
                                       []  Customized
                                       layout
                                       []  Defer
     Customized layout 
         UNIX partition size (MB)      --------------------
         DOS partition size (MB)       --------------------
         Other partition size (MB)     --------------------
         boot filesystem size (MB)     --------------------
         swap space size (MB)          --------------------
         Other filesystems size (MB)   --------------------

 17. Bad track/block, second disk      []  None
     (If applicable)                   []
                                       Thorough/destructive
                                       []  Thorough/non-
                                       destructive
                                       []
                                       Quick/destructive
                                       []  Quick/non-
                                       destructive

 18. Software components               []  Operating system
     To override the initial system    []  Graphical
     profiles, you can install whole   environment
     and partial components in any     []  Connectivity
     combination.  (See the Release    []  Online
     Notes for disk space              documentation
     requirements.)  After initial
     installation, you can add or
     remove software 

 19. Network card                Vendor and model:
     You do not need this        --------------------
     information if you          Interrupt vector
     autodetect the network      (IRQ):
     card or defer networking    --------------------
     configuration.  (If the     Base I/O address (if
     address you want to use     applicable):
     for your network card       --------------------
     does not appear on the      ROM address (if
     list of valid addresses,    applicable):
     defer network               --------------------
     configuration until after   DMA (if applicable):
     installation.)  See your    --------------------
     hardware documentation      Base RAM address (if
     for more information.       applicable):
                                 --------------------
                                 RAM size (if
                                 applicable):
                                 --------------------
                                 Local Ring Broadcast
                                 (Token-Ring only):
                                 --------------------
                                 Slot number (if
                                 applicable):
                                 --------------------
                                 Cable type (if
                                 applicable):
                                 --------------------
 20. IP address                  --------------------
     Four decimal numbers
     separated by periods (for
     example, 132.145.80.9).
     If you do not already
     have an IP address, defer
     network configuration.
 21. Network mask                --------------------
     If you are not
     configuring a subnetwork,
     accept the default value.
 22. Broadcast address           --------------------

 23. Domain name service (DNS)   Gateway address:
     client configuration        --------------------
     Enter the IP address of     --------------------
     the gateway machine on      Primary nameserver
     your network to set the     address:
     default route.  For more    --------------------
     information, see Chapter    --------------------
     5, ``Configuring Internet   Secondary nameserver
     Protocol (IP) routing''     address:
     Enter the IP addresses of   --------------------
     the primary and secondary   --------------------
     name servers.  Entering a
     name server creates a
     default resolv.conf(SFF) 
     file.  For more
     information, see Chapter
     6, ``Configuring the
     Domain Name Service'' 
     These fields are
     optional.  If no values
     are entered, /etc/tcp 
     does not add a default
     route (although routed is
     started) and resolv.conf 
     is not created.

 24. IPX/SPX network number      --------------------
     Links DOS Workstation
     clients and SCO
     system software over the
     NetWare network.
 25. IPX/SPX internal network    --------------------
     number 
 26. IPX/SPX framing type        --------------------
 27. Video card                  --------------------
     Also consult SCO's
     Compatible Hardware Web
     Pages.
 28. Video mode                  --------------------
 29. Video monitor               --------------------
 30. Graphical login             []  On
     If you plan to use the      []  Off
     graphical environment,
     leave the graphical login
     on.  See ``Starting a
     Graphical Environment
     session'' 
 31. Mouse                       Type (vendor):
     Also consult your           --------------------
     hardware documentation.     []  Bus mouse
     For a bus mouse, specify       []  IRQ2 (INTR2)
     the interrupt.  For a          []  IRQ3 (INTR3)
     serial mouse, specify the      []  IRQ5 (INTR5)
     COM1 port.  If your         []  Serial mouse:
     serial mouse is connected   COM1
     to COM2, specify COM1 and      (COM2 not
     then reconfigure your       supported)
     mouse after installation    []  Keyboard mouse
                                    []  low
                                 resolution
                                    []  high
                                 resolution

 32. E-mail system               []  MMDF
     Choose sendmail if you      []  sendmail
     will use advanced
     features of SCO Internet
     Services, such as virtual
     domains, or if your
     systems currently use
     sendmail.  Otherwise,
     choose MMDF.  For more
     information on sendmail
     and the Internet Manager,
     see Chapter  26,
     ``Configuring Internet
     services'' For a detailed
     comparison of sendmail
     and MMDF, see the Mail
     and Messaging Guide.

Responding to prompts

Use these keys when responding to prompts for information during the first section of the installation (before software loading begins):

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 To:                                              Press:
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
 Get help                                         <F1>
 Abort the installation                           <F2>
 Display other choices                            <Space>
 Restore defaults                                 <F5>
 Return to the previous screen                    <Esc>
 Exit help screen                                 <Esc>
 Move down one line                               <>
 Move up one line                                 <>
 Scroll up one screen                             <PgUp>
 Scroll down one screen                           <PgDn>
 Select or deselect multiple items in a list      <Space>
 Accept an item                                   <Enter>
 Accept the current configuration                 <Enter>
If you make an error while entering information:

To stop the installation, press <F2> in any window, or select q at a prompt to quit. Once you quit the installation, any information you have already entered is lost. You must start the installation again from the beginning.

To restart the installation, verify that the Boot Disk is in the drive and press <Enter>. At the Boot: prompt, press <Enter> again. If you are using the BTLD utility and you need to restart the installation, insert the Boot Disk and enter restart link=pkg1 at the Boot: prompt (where pkg1 is the name of the package from which to extract the required BTLD drivers).

To stop the installation process after the software loading begins, verify that the Boot Disk is in the drive, then press the computer ``reset'' button or turn the power off and on. At the Boot: prompt, press <Enter> to start the installation again from the beginning.

If you stop the installation after the software starts loading, the previous system cannot reliably be restored. If the previous system is not restored, the Upgrade installation type and the Preserve disk layout option may not be available in the restarted installation, even though they were available in the first (aborted) installation.

Installing boot-time loadable drivers

If you are installing boot-time loadable drivers (BTLDs):

Booting from CD-ROM

The SCO OpenServer installation CD-ROM is now bootable. This allows for a faster installation and allows you to skip the steps which require you to insert and load the installation boot floppy.

You can use this feature if your system BIOS supports CD-ROM as a boot option. You cannot use this feature if your system BIOS recognizes only a proprietary bootable CD-ROM format.

To use this feature:

  1. Complete steps 1-3 of the standard installation procedure.

  2. Enter your system's BIOS configuration program. This program might be accessed from a configuration floppy or by pressing keys immediately after you power-cycle the system.

  3. Specify CD-ROM as the primary boot device (before C: or A:).

  4. Save this change to the system BIOS and exit the configuration program.

  5. Shut down your system.

  6. Insert the SCO OpenServer CD-ROM and remove any other media from other boot devices on your system.

  7. Resume the standard installation procedure at step 5.

    For step 6, press <Enter> without inserting any additional media, unless you have a Boot Time Loadable Driver to install.

    For step 7, you do not need to insert the CD-ROM as it is already present.


NOTE: Because not all installation utilities are aware that the CD-ROM drive is emulating the floppy drive, you might see an error message or prompt that mistakenly refers to the floppy drive.

If you are using the bootable CD-ROM feature, assume that messages you receive that refer to installation media pertain to the CD-ROM drive.


The installation and upgrade procedure

Follow these steps, remembering to press <Enter> after responding to each prompt:

  1. Complete the ``Installation and upgrade checklist''.

    This is very important. If you do not gather this information first, you might have to stop the installation and start again from the beginning.

  2. If your hard disk already contains more than one partition, make sure that the UNIX partition is active. The installation copies the SCO OpenServer system to the active partition.

  3. Before beginning any installation or upgrade, make sure you have up-to-date backups of all the data currently on your system (see the System Administrator's Guide). Some of the options available during installation overwrite all the data on the hard disk, including user data and DOS partitions.

  4. With the power off, or at the Press any key to reboot prompt, insert the Boot Disk into the drive.

    If you have more than one floppy disk drive, make sure the 3.5-inch drive is the primary drive (sometimes called the boot drive). Check your computer hardware manual if you are unsure which is the primary drive.


    NOTE: You might be able to use the new bootable CD-ROM feature of SCO OpenServer. See ``Booting from CD-ROM'' for more information.

    

  5. Turn on your computer (or press any key to continue from haltsys), and wait for the Boot: prompt.


    NOTE: If you need to restart the installation completely at any time, insert the Boot Disk, and press <Enter> at the Boot: prompt. The installation starts again from the beginning.

    If you are using the BTLD utility and you need to restart the installation, insert the Boot Disk and enter restart link=pkg1 at the Boot: prompt (where pkg1 is the name of the package from which to extract the required BTLD drivers).


  6. At the Boot: prompt:

    The system checks to see what hardware is present and if there are any hardware problems. Each stage of checking generates a letter ranging from D through M. See Appendix G, ``Kernel initialization check letters'' for an explanation of these letters.

    A RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND appears after the kernel initialization letters.

  7. When prompted, supply the information about your CD-ROM drive, insert the CD-ROM, and press <Enter>. Do not remove the Boot Disk from the drive.


    NOTE: If you select the incorrect address for the CD-ROM, and another device is actually present at that address, you cannot successfully change to the correct address. Press <F2> to quit the installation, then start again from the beginning.

  8. Follow the instructions on each screen, and complete the information fields using the answers that you recorded in the ``Installation and upgrade checklist''. Two lines at the bottom of the screen give brief instructions for completing each field. For more detailed help, press <F1>. Press <Space> to see a list of options from which you can select, or to bring up a secondary set of prompts. 


    NOTE: If the ``Installation Type'' field reads Fresh and you cannot highlight any other choice, your system cannot be upgraded. Complete the ``Installation and upgrade checklist'' to make sure you have all the necessary information, then continue with a fresh installation. See ``Choosing an upgrade path''.

  9. When prompted, assign the root (superuser or administration) password. 

    Do not forget the root password. To restore a forgotten root password, you must contact your support provider for assistance.

  10. If you selected the Interactive fdisk/divvy disk setup option, the installation prompts you to initialize your hard disk. Follow the instructions in ``Partitioning a hard disk using fdisk'' and ``Dividing a disk partition into divisions using divvy'' to complete this step.


    CAUTION: Do not allocate all of the available space to the optional /u filesystem. This will leave insufficient space for the root filesystem. If the root filesystem has insufficient space, the installation will fail.

    If you encounter an error at this point, reboot the system and start the installation again from the beginning. Do not attempt to move backwards through the installation screens.

  11. The badtrk(ADM) utility runs next, if you selected it. If you encounter an error during badtrk, reboot the system and start the installation again from the beginning.

  12. The software load begins after any disk setup or badtracking. Software load is the longest stage of the installation, but it can proceed unattended.

    As the installation loads each software component onto the hard disk, you see messages such as:

       Installing: SCO UNIX System V Operating system (Ver 5.0.5E)
       Installing Phase: Copying files from the media
       Installation Status: Copying file
    
    These messages are logged in the custom log file, /var/opt/K/SCO/SoftMgr/*/custom/custom.log, for future reference.

    After the software is loaded, the kernel (/stand/unix) is rebuilt. This takes several minutes. The /stand directory also contains two other bootable kernels, to use in case unix will not boot. unix.safe is the same as unix, but with all third-party drivers removed. unix.install is the kernel used during installation. It contains most drivers. See ``Booting an old kernel'' and kernel(ADM) for more information.

  13. If you linked BTLDs in at boot time, you see a table of the packages installed on the disk. Enter the name of the BTLD package to install, or press <Enter> to install the default package.

  14. The system shuts down, then you see Press any key to reboot. Remove the floppy disk or bootable CD-ROM from the drive, then press any key.

  15. At the Boot: prompt, press <Enter>.

  16. To do any of the following, enter the root password when you see:

    INIT: SINGLE USER MODE

  17. Bring the system up in multiuser mode from the INIT: SINGLE USER MODE prompt by pressing <Ctrl>D. (Or, from single-user mode, press <Ctrl>D at the # prompt. Then, when you see INIT: SINGLE USER MODE, press <Ctrl>D again.)

  18. If the displayed time is correct, press <Enter>. If the time is incorrect, enter the current time.

    As the system starts up, you see copyright credits, followed by software component start-up messages. When you see the graphical scologin screen on tty02, or the login: prompt on tty01, the system is ready.

  19. To start the Desktop, log in as root at the graphical scologin screen on tty02 (press <Ctrl><Alt><F2> if it is not displayed).

    To log in on a character screen, switch from the graphical login screen on tty02 by pressing <Ctrl><Alt><Fn> (where n is the function key associated with another tty, such as <F1>). Then, log in as root.

    For more information about scologin, see ``Starting a Graphical Environment session'' and ``Using multiscreens'' in the System Administration Guide.

  20. At this time you can:

  21. Make a complete backup of your system. See ``Running unscheduled filesystem backups'' in the System Administration Guide.

    If your system should become corrupted, you can use this backup, along with the emergency boot floppy disk set that you create in the next step, to restore it without having to reinstall the software completely. See Chapter 3, ``Backing up filesystems'' in the System Administration Guide for a complete discussion of backups.


    CAUTION: Make regular backups of your filesystems so that, if corruption occurs, you have a recent backup of your system to restore. 


  22. Create an emergency boot floppy disk set for your system.

    These disks allow you to recover your root filesystem quickly if it becomes so corrupted that you cannot start the system from your hard disk. See Chapter 5, ``Creating an emergency boot floppy disk set'' for instructions. Then, test the emergency floppy disk set, and verify that you can read the backup you made in the previous step according to the directions in ``Examining the contents of a backup'' in the System Administration Guide.

  23. Register your software. See Chapter 6, ``Licensing and registering SCO products''. (You already licensed your system during the installation.) The system software displays frequent reminders until you register the software you installed.


    NOTE: Your software generates a new SCO System ID each time you do a low-level reformat of the root hard disk. If you do a low-level reformat, you must contact an SCO Registration Center to obtain a new Registration Key and repeat the registration process.

After installation

The SCO OpenServer system is now installed and registered. Review Chapter 2 of the Release Notes for tasks you need to complete immediately following installation. For further information on administering the system, see the remaining chapters in the SCO OpenServer Handbook (especially Chapter 3, ``Troubleshooting the installation'', Chapter 9, ``Administering SCO systems'', and Chapter 13, ``Troubleshooting system-level problems''). Also see the System Administration Guide.

To help system administration, troubleshooting, and future upgrades go more smoothly, keep a copy of the completed installation checklist with the system log.

To configure Internet services, including the Netscape FastTrack Server, sendmail, and ppp, refer to Chapter 26, ``Configuring Internet services''

Choosing an upgrade path

Read this and the following sections on upgrading your system thoroughly before beginning an upgrade installation. They describe:

Also read the chapters in the Release Notes that discuss the installation.


CAUTION: Before beginning any installation or upgrade, make sure you have up-to-date backups of all the data currently on your system (see the System Administrator's Guide). Some of the options available during installation overwrite all the data on the hard disk, including user data and DOS partitions.

We recommend that you use cpio(C) format for the backups (the Backup Manager uses cpio), and that you back up one filesystem per tape.


If you currently run an earlier version of an SCO UNIX operating system, one or more of the following methods are available for you to upgrade to an SCO OpenServer system. Read the referenced sections and the Release Notes to decide which method works best for your system.


NOTE: If your system is currently running SCO Internet FastStart release 1.0 or 1.1, you must select the Fresh installation type. You may select either the Interactive fdisk/divvy or Preserve option for setting up your hard disk. You cannot select the Upgrade installation type for SCO Internet FastStart release 1.0 or 1.1.

Before reinstalling your system, read the Release Notes for instructions on how to migrate your current Internet FastStart data. This information will help you save sendmail, ppp, and server configuration information so that you do not need to completely reconfigure these services.


See also:

About the Upgrade installation type

The Upgrade option is available if your previous installation is SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.0, 5.0.2, 5.0.4, or 5.0.5 and your hard disk has sufficient space available for SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6. (See the Release Notes for disk space requirements, and for other information about the Upgrade option.) This option leaves all non-root filesystems and partitions as they are. On the root filesystem, it removes the old system and installs new versions of all the previously installed packages. The Upgrade option appears near the beginning of the installation prompts, under Installation type.

If an upgrade fails, the installation program attempts to restore the previous system. The program displays a message about the expected state of the system, depending on the phase in which the upgrade failed, and may direct you to check whether you need to restore the system from backups.

Here are the paths available for Upgrade installations: 

      If you are upgrading from:        You can upgrade to:

      SCO OpenServer 5.0.0 Host         SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Host
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.0 Desktop      SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Desktop
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.0 Enterprise   SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Enterprise
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.2 Host         SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Host
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.2 Desktop      SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Desktop
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.2 Enterprise   SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Enterprise
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.4 Host         SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Host
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.4 Desktop      SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Desktop
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.4 Enterprise   SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Enterprise
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.5 Host         SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Host
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.5 Desktop      SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Desktop
      SCO OpenServer 5.0.5 Enterprise   SCO OpenServer 5.0.6 Enterprise
See also ``Upgrading to the Enterprise configuration from Host or Desktop''.


NOTE: The Upgrade installation type is not necessarily tied to purchasing the SCO OpenServer system as an upgrade. It simply describes one path that the installation software can follow, and depends entirely on the configuration of the system before the upgrade. For example, if you currently run SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.0, you can select the Upgrade installation type even if you purchased a standard installation. On the other hand, if you purchased an upgrade from SCO Open Desktop Release 3.0, you must select the Fresh installation type, then choose the option under Hard disk setup that is most appropriate for your upgrade -- probably Preserve.


NOTE: If you are performing an upgrade installation, you must provide licenses for both the original system and the new system you are upgrading to. Please have this information ready before proceeding with the upgrade.

Because the default configuration for SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6 is larger than the default configuration for SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.0, 5.0.2, 5.0.4, 5.0.5, the root filesystem on your primary hard disk might not be large enough to hold the upgraded system. Check the Release Notes for space requirements. If you want to choose the Upgrade option, but your root filesystem will not hold the new release, you have three options:


CAUTION: The filesystems offered during the installation for relocated components may contain data that you do not want to disturb, such as user accounts or DOS files installed by SCO Merge. If you choose to relocate components to such filesystems, that data is lost.

Do not rely on being able to put additional data (such as user accounts) on the filesystems you choose for relocation. The relocation program uses nearly all the space in the chosen filesystems, in an attempt to create free space in the root filesystem.

Only filesystems in /etc/default/filesys are offered for relocated components. If you want to relocate components to filesystems that are not displayed at this stage of the installation, abort the installation, reboot your previous system, and run mkdev fs to place the filesystems in /etc/default/filesys.

See the Release Notes for more information on relocated filesystems. 

Data retained with the Upgrade installation type

User data retained on the root filesystem includes: 

System data retained on the root filesystem includes: 

Non-root filesystems and non-root disks are not changed, unless you select them to receive relocated components.

About the Preserve hard disk option

The Preserve option is available if your system has an active UNIX partition with a clean root filesystem and a valid /etc/default/filesys (see filesys(F)). This option retains the filesystem layouts from the previous installation, except for the root filesystem. It removes everything from the root filesystem and installs the new system, leaving all other data intact. To access the Preserve option, press <Space> at Hard disk setup in the Preparing your disk and choosing software window, then press <Space> again at Partitions & filesystems.

If the list of hard disk setup options does not include Preserve, the installation could not find an active UNIX partition with a valid root filesystem and /etc/default/filesys. To preserve your existing partitions and filesystems, see ``About the Interactive disk setup option''. When using the Interactive fdisk/divvy option to retain your previous hard disk layout, you must assemble the hard disk layout information from your previous system before beginning the new installation.

The Preserve option is also available for the second hard disk. See ``Upgrading a non-primary hard disk''.

About the Interactive disk setup option


CAUTION: To retain your previous partitions and divisions using the Interactive fdisk/divvy option, you must assemble the hard disk layout information from your previous system before beginning the new installation.

The disk setup option for Interactive fdisk/divvy is available for any installation that starts as a Fresh (rather than Upgrade) installation type. Interactive fdisk/divvy defers disk setup until the end of the installation prompts. The installation then runs the utilities fdisk(ADM) and divvy(ADM) interactively. To retain your previous partitions and divisions on the new system, assemble the hard disk layout information from your previous system (including any pre-existing DOS partitions) before beginning the new installation, as follows:

  1. Run fdisk and select option 1. Record the numbers of the partitions that hold your filesystems, then exit fdisk.

  2. Run divvy(ADM) for each partition.


    CAUTION: Do not select c within divvy. Doing so destroys the contents of the selected filesystem. Only select c if you have a complete backup of the filesystem, and you want to remake the filesystem into a different format. You must then restore all the data to that filesystem after installation.

  3. Copy the information from your screen into the following table: 

    Table 2-1 Primary Hard Disk Filesystems

                -----------------------------------------------------
               | Name|  Type|  New FS|  #|  First Block|  Last Block|
               |-----|------|--------|---|-------------|------------|
               |-----|------|--------|---|-------------|------------|
    

  4. Exit divvy.

  5. Enter this information during the installation's fdisk and divvy sessions to recreate your previous hard disk layout for the new installation.

To access the Interactive fdisk/divvy option, press <Space> at Hard disk setup in the Preparing your disk and choosing software window, then press <Space> again at Partitions & filesystems.

The Interactive fdisk/divvy option is not available for the second hard disk. See ``Upgrading a non-primary hard disk''.

About other hard disk setup options

Other hard disk setup options available from Partitions & filesystems (under Hard disk setup) are Use whole disk for UNIX and Customize. The Use whole disk for UNIX option clears any existing partitions and divisions from your hard disk and creates a default UNIX partition and division, which you cannot modify. The Customize option clears any existing partitions and divisions and creates the same default layout, then allows you to modify it with new partitions and divisions. (The Interactive fdisk/divvy option gives you more precise control over the size and location of partitions and divisions, but the Customize option is simpler.) Neither of these options preserves previous data or disk setups. If you select the Use whole disk for UNIX or Customize option, you must restore any previous data from backups after the installation is complete.

The Use whole disk for UNIX and Customize options are also available for the second hard disk. See ``Upgrading a non-primary hard disk''.

Issues with any upgrade

This section covers issues that could potentially apply to any upgrade, no matter what SCO system you are upgrading from or what SCO OpenServer system configuration you are installing.

Restoring user accounts

If the upgrade path you choose does not retain the user account profiles on your system, use ap(ADM) to preserve the account profiles.

Before beginning the installation, run:

ap -dg > filename

This copies the account profiles, including group membership information, of every user listed in the password file into the file filename. Back up this output file.

After completing the installation, copy the file filename to the new system, and run:

ap -ro -ffilename

This restores the account profiles for every user, overwriting any existing account profiles of the same name (including root).

User-configured files and directories

This is a list of files and directories that are often configured, and may have changes that you need to restore after installing a new SCO system. (The Upgrade installation type attempts to preserve configurable files.) This list is not exhaustive, nor will every file on this list have changes that you want to save. The list is simply a starting-point for deciding which files have important user-specific or system-specific information.


CAUTION: Before beginning any installation or upgrade, make sure you have up-to-date backups of all the data currently on your system (see the System Administrator's Guide).


NOTE: Please be aware that some of the listed files might be links. In order to properly back up all required data, you must traverse each of these links to the target file. Set the option on your backup utility to traverse symbolic links. For example, use the -L option with cpio(C) , which will traverse and back up all symbolic links.

Files likely to be configured:

 /etc/checklist                         /etc/inittab
 /etc/default/*                         /etc/mscreencap
 /etc/conf/init.d/*                     /etc/passwd
 /etc/cshrc                             /etc/profile
 /etc/ddate                             /etc/rc
 /etc/dialups                           /etc/systemid
 /etc/d_passwd                          /etc/termcap
 /etc/motd                              /etc/ttys
 /etc/gettydefs                         /etc/ttytype
 /etc/group                             /etc/wtmp

 users' home directories under /usr

 /usr/adm/hwconfig
 /usr/adm/messages
 /usr/adm/pacct
 /usr/lib/mail/aliases
 /usr/lib/mail/aliases.hash
 /usr/lib/mail/faliases
 /usr/lib/mail/maliases
 /usr/lib/mail/mailrc
 /usr/lib/mkuser/*
 /usr/lib/uucp/*
 /usr/lib/X11/app-defaults/*
 /usr/lib/X11/Mosaic/*
 /usr/lib/X11/scologin/Xservers
 /usr/lib/X11/system.mwmrc
 /usr/lib/X11/sys.startrc
 /usr/man/cat.LOCAL (local man pages)
 /usr/man/man.LOCAL (local man pages)
 /usr/mmdf/mmdftailor
 /usr/mmdf/table/*.dom (mmdf configuration)
 /usr/mmdf/table/*.chn (mmdf configuration)
 /usr/mmdf/table/alias* (mmdf configuration)
 /usr/spool/cron/crontabs (cron jobs)
 /usr/spool/lp/admins/lp/interfaces/* (printer scripts)
 /usr/spool/lp/pstatus
 /usr/spool/lp/qstatus
 /usr/spool/mail/*

 /var/opt/httpd/htdocs/*

 /.profile

Upgrading a non-primary hard disk




CAUTION: mkdev hd now runs badtrk for SCSI as well as non-SCSI disks. During mkdev hd, badtrk displays the size of the current badtrk table as the default. Accept this default size, as changing the size of the badtrk table destroys the contents of the partitions.

You can protect any filesystems on a non-primary hard disk by selecting the Upgrade installation type or the Preserve option for setting up the secondary hard disk. If neither of these options is available, or if you do not select either one, select the Defer disk setup option during the installation, or remove the additional hard disks before beginning the installation.

If you select Preserve for the second hard disk, you must run divvy for that disk after the installation is complete. Within divvy, select n and name the preserved partitions, then exit. Then, run mkdev fs, as described in step 4.


CAUTION: Do not select c within divvy. Doing so destroys the contents of the selected filesystem. Only select c if you have a complete backup of the filesystem, and you want to remake the filesystem into a different format. You must then restore all the data to that filesystem from backups.

Follow the numbered procedure in this section for any non-primary disk that you plan to remove before the installation, or for which you plan to select the Defer disk setup option.

  1. Before the installation, run fdisk(ADM) for each affected hard disk. For example, for the second hard disk, enter:

    fdisk -f /dev/rhd10

    Enter 1 at the main fdisk menu. Record the numbers of the fdisk partitions that hold your UNIX filesystems, then exit fdisk.

  2. Also before the installation, run divvy(ADM) for each affected partition and record the information. For example, for the active partition on the second hard disk, enter:

    /etc/divvy /dev/hd1a

    Copy the information from your screen into the following table: 

    Table 2-2 Secondary Hard Disk Filesystems

                -----------------------------------------------------
               | Name|  Type|  New FS|  #|  First Block|  Last Block|
               |-----|------|--------|---|-------------|------------|
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |     |      |        |   |             |            |
               |-----|------|--------|---|-------------|------------|
    
    Exit divvy by selecting quit, then exit.

  3. After you install the SCO OpenServer system, follow the instructions for using mkdev hd in Chapter 18, ``Adding hard disks''. (mkdev hd runs fdisk and divvy.) During mkdev hd, make sure that:


    CAUTION: Do not select c within divvy. Doing so destroys the contents of the selected filesystem. Only select c if you have a complete backup of the filesystem, and you want to remake the filesystem into a different format. You must then restore all the data to that filesystem.

  4. For each affected filesystem, enter:

    mkdev fs

    Select option 1 to add a new filesystem. When prompted, enter the full pathname of the device from /dev. For example, to add a filesystem called u, enter /dev/u.

    When prompted, enter the name of the directory on which the filesystem is mounted. For example, a filesystem called u is usually mounted on the directory /u.

    Specify how you want the filesystem mounted when the system enters multiuser mode:

    When asked whether or not users will be allowed to mount the filesystem, it is usual to respond n for security reasons. (In any case, users running backups must have both sysadmin and backup authorizations. See ``Assigning subsystem authorizations'' in the System Administration Guide.)

    Exit mkdev fs.

  5. If you want to mount the filesystem now, enter the following command (/u is used in this example):

    mount /dev/u /u

Upgrading third-party drivers

We recommend that you remove any third-party drivers from your system before upgrading to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6, then restore the drivers after you have rebooted successfully following the upgrade. If a third-party driver from your previous SCO system is not compatible with SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6, the kernel (/stand/unix) may not link at the end of installation.

If the kernel does not link at the end of installation, try to boot from the kernel called /stand/unix.safe (which does not contain the third-party drivers), into single-user mode.

If the driver for the root hard disk controller is one of the third-party drivers missing, the unix.safe kernel will not boot. If this happens, boot the system using a boot-time loadable driver (BTLD) for this SCO OpenServer system. Then, remove the old driver from the link kit, and install the BTLD using installpkg(ADM).

Upgrading SCO OpenServer Development System

When you upgrade to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6, we recommend that you upgrade to the corresponding SCO OpenServer Development System release (5.1.1) as well. Earlier versions of the SCO Development System are not supported, and may behave unpredictably.

The Development System is not automatically upgraded when you upgrade the SCO OpenServer system. After you complete the operating system upgrade, use the Software Manager to install the new version of the SCO OpenServer Development System. Supply the license information from the Development System's own Certificate of License and Authenticity, which is included in the SCO OpenServer box.

If you do choose to run an earlier version of the SCO Development System, you must reactivate it after upgrading to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6. The instructions for reactivating the Development System are displayed when you invoke the /bin/cc, /bin/rcc, or /usr/bin/CC command.

Upgrading from release 5.0

This section covers issues that may arise when upgrading from SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.0, 5.0.2, 5.0.4, or 5.0.5 to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6.

See also:

Missing user-created files

An Upgrade installation may move aside certain user-created files or directories when it creates directory-level symbolic links. 

When a directory directory_name is moved, it is renamed directory_name#. (If a directory called directory_name# already exists, sufficient number signs are appended to the directory's original name to create a unique name, such as directory_name##.) For example, if /tcb/files/audit contained user-created files before an upgrade that you cannot find there after the upgrade, check whether a directory exists called /tcb/files/audit#. If so, you can return your files to the upgraded /tcb/files/audit directory.


CAUTION: Move only the user-created files from a displaced directory to an upgraded directory. Do not overwrite other files in the upgraded directory.

Third-party products and system serial numbers

Some third-party applications that are run after a system has been upgraded may find that the serial number of the installation is not the same as the one under which the application was originally installed.

The installation tries to rebrand the new kernel with the old serial number during an upgrade. If this does not work, rebrand the kernel with the serial number of a previous release using the command:

brand -n old_serial_number old_activation_key /etc/conf/pack.d/kernel/os.a

Then, relink the kernel and reboot the system.

Upgrading to the Enterprise configuration from Host or Desktop

If you purchased an upgrade for one of the following scenarios, the upgrade requires a two-step procedure:

The first step upgrades the system to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6 in the same configuration, and the second step upgrades the system to SCO OpenServer Enterprise System.

The first step happens automatically when you choose the Upgrade installation option. Use the license information from the previous (5.0.0, 5.0.2, 5.0.4, or 5.0.5) Certificate of License and Authenticity (COLA) for this step.

To complete the second step, follow the instructions in Chapter 4, ``Installing and managing software components'' to invoke the Software Manager and install the SCO OpenServer Enterprise System. When prompted, supply the license information from the 5.0.6 COLA.

After you install the SCO OpenServer Enterprise System, exit the Software Manager and reboot the system. 

Upgrading anonymous ftp from Desktop to Enterprise

When you upgrade an SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6 Desktop System to an Enterprise System, anonymous ftp will no longer work if it was configured before. This is because the Enterprise System functionality that enables ``virtual domains'' prevents the ftp server from recognizing existing anonymous ftp user information.

To re-enable anonymous ftp in this environment:

  1. Back up the /etc/passwd file in a safe location.

  2. Edit the /etc/passwd file, changing the home directory entry of the ftp user to /usr/internet/ip/0.0.0.0/sco_ftp:
    ftp:x:20:50:anonymous ftp account:/usr/internet/ip/0.0.0.0/sco_ftp:/bin/sh
    
    The ftp account entry must be on one line.

  3. Create a virtual domains stub directory:

    mkdir -p /usr/internet/ip/0.0.0.0

  4. Create a symbolic link from the stub directory to the original ftp home directory:

    ln -s /u/ftp /usr/internet/ip/0.0.0.0/sco_ftp


NOTE: Virtual domains are only available with a Fresh installation of the Enterprise system; see Chapter 27, ``Managing virtual domains'' for more information.



Upgrading the language product

If you upgrade the system within the SCO OpenServer family (for example, from Host to Enterprise), you must also install the appropriate language support product in the usual way, after the upgrade.

Ideally, do not install language products until after an upgrade.

IPX/SPX upgrades overwrite *_tune.h files

An Upgrade installation to an SCO OpenServer Desktop System or Enterprise System does not automatically upgrade the files ipx_tune.h, nvt_tune.h, and spx_tune.h. Instead, during the installation, the files get saved to /usr/lib/ipxrt/saved_config. If you have made changes to these files that you want to preserve, compare them with the newly-installed versions after the upgrade, and make any necessary changes to the new files.

Upgrading SCO Merge

SCO Merge is not automatically upgraded when you install SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6. If you have been running SCO Merge under SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.0, 5.0.2, 5.0.4, or 5.0.5 and you select the Upgrade installation type for Release 5.0.6, SCO Merge will not be disturbed. If you select a Fresh installation for Release 5.0.6, use the Software Manager to install the latest release of SCO Merge from the SCO Optional Services CD-ROM. Supply the license information provided in a file on the same CD-ROM.

Additional product documentation unavailable after upgrades

If you perform an Upgrade installation on a system that has additional products installed (such as SCO Merge, SCO Advanced File and Print Server, or SCO OpenServer Development System), the documentation for these products is unavailable unless the additional products are upgraded as well. (This does not apply to manual pages.) To retain the documentation for the older versions, you must remove the documentation package for each product and re-install it on the upgraded system from the original media.

Upgrading from release 3.0

There are no specific issues to consider when upgrading from SCO Open Desktop Release 2.0 to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6. Make sure you read ``Issues with any upgrade'' and the Release Notes before beginning the installation. The material in ``Upgrading from release 5.0'' may also apply to systems running Release 3.0.


NOTE: To upgrade from Release 3.0, you must select the Fresh installation type, then preserve or restore your data using one of the methods introduced in ``Choosing an upgrade path''.

Upgrading from release 2.0

There are no specific issues to consider when upgrading from SCO Open Desktop Release 2.0 to SCO OpenServer Release 5.0.6. Make sure you read ``Issues with any upgrade'' and the Release Notes before beginning the installation. The material in ``Upgrading from release 5.0'' may also apply to systems running release 2.0.


NOTE: To upgrade from Release 2.0, you must select the Fresh installation type, then preserve or restore your data using one of the methods introduced in ``Choosing an upgrade path''.