Operating System User's Guide

Table of Contents

• About this book
  • How this book is organized
  • Related documentation
  • Typographical conventions
  • How can we improve this book?
• Chapter 1: Using SCO Shell
  • Starting SCO Shell
    • What the SCO Shell screen areas do
    • Using menus in SCO Shell
    • Canceling an operation
    • Error messages
    • Getting help in SCO Shell
    • Using the accelerator keys
    • Using a mouse
    • Quitting SCO Shell
  • Managing files with SCO Shell
    • Files and directories
    • Using subdirectories
    • Pathnames
    • The current directory
    • Naming and organizing files and directories
  • Using the Manager menu
    • Selecting files
  • Using the Manager menu options
    • Looking at a file
    • Changing the appearance of windows
    • Editing a file
    • Managing files
    • Managing directories
    • Copying files to and from tape or disk
    • Using the clipboard from the Manager menu
    • Setting preferences for text editing
    • Exiting the Manager menu
  • Running utilities and applications
    • What utilities are available
    • What applications are available
    • Copying items between applications with the clipboard
  • Printing files
    • Displaying or canceling print jobs
    • Selecting a printer
• Chapter 2: SCO Shell accessories
  • Using the Calendar
    • Starting the Calendar
    • Quitting from the Calendar
    • Moving between days
    • Scheduling a meeting or event
    • Adding ``To do'' items to the Calendar
    • Changing an event
    • Deleting an event
    • Viewing the Calendar
    • Printing the calendar
    • Transferring information from the Calendar to other applications
    • Setting Calendar options
    • Adding an alternative calendar to your Application List
    • Resolving problems with Calendar information
  • Using the Calculator
    • Starting the Calculator
    • Calculator commands
    • Using the Calculator's features
• Chapter 3: Working with files and directories
  • Getting to the command prompt
  • Files and directories
    • Using files
    • Using directories
    • File and directory attributes
    • How the system manages files and directories
    • Filenaming conventions
  • Managing directories
    • How directories are organized
    • An example: what the system contains
    • Creating a directory
    • Listing the contents of a directory
    • Renaming a directory
    • Copying a directory
    • Removing a directory
    • Comparing directories
  • Navigating the filesystem
    • Finding out where you are in the system
    • Changing directory
    • Returning to your home directory
  • Creating links to files and directories
    • Creating a link to a file
    • Finding out whether a file has hard links
    • Creating a link to a directory
    • Navigating symbolic links
  • Mounting a filesystem
  • Managing files
    • Finding out what type of data a file contains
    • Looking at the contents of a file
    • Finding out how much text is in a file
    • Looking at the beginning and end of a file
    • Copying a file
    • Moving or renaming a file
    • Removing a file
    • Comparing files
    • Sorting the contents of a file
    • Searching for text in a file
    • Finding files
    • Retrieving deleted files
  • Specifying command input and output
    • Forcing a program to read standard input and output
  • Running a sequence of commands
    • Entering commands on the same line
    • Running commands in a pipeline
  • Access control for files and directories
    • Changing file permissions
    • Setting the default permissions for a new file
    • Giving a file to someone else
    • Finding out your group
    • Changing your current group
    • Changing the group of a file
  • Printing a file
    • Printing several copies of a file
    • Selecting a printer
    • Displaying a list of current print jobs
    • Canceling a print request
  • Getting help on the command line
    • Getting help when you are uncertain of the topic
• Chapter 4: Editing files
  • A quick tour of vi
    • Starting vi
    • Entering text
    • What to do if you get stuck
    • Saving files and quitting vi
    • Moving around a file
    • Deleting and restoring text
    • Searching for text
    • Replacing and modifying text
    • Substituting text
    • Repeating and undoing commands
    • Including the contents of another file
    • Accessing the shell
    • Editing more than one file
    • Using buffers to cut and paste text
    • Placing markers
  • Using keyboard shortcuts
    • Running other programs from inside vi
    • Sending text through a filter
    • Defining abbreviations
    • Storing a command in a buffer
    • Mapping key sequences
  • Configuring vi
    • Saving frequently used commands
  • Using ed
    • Starting ed
    • Saving files and quitting ed
    • Moving around in ed
    • Editing text in ed
• Chapter 5: Controlling processes
  • What is a process?
  • Finding out what processes are running
  • Background jobs and job numbers
    • Waiting for background jobs to finish before proceeding
    • Finding out what jobs are running
  • Killing a process
    • Suspending a job
    • Moving background jobs to the foreground
    • Moving foreground jobs to the background
  • Keeping a process running after you log off
  • Using signals under the UNIX system
  • Reducing the priority of a process
    • Identifying the niceness of a process
  • Scheduling your processes
    • Running processes at some time in the future
    • Executing processes at regular intervals
    • Delaying the execution of a process
• Chapter 6: Working with DOS
  • DOS devices under the UNIX system
  • DOS filenames
    • Listing DOS files in standard DOS format
    • Listing DOS files in a UNIX system format
  • Copying DOS files between DOS and SCO OpenServer systems
  • Displaying a DOS file
  • Converting DOS files to and from UNIX system file format
    • Automatic file conversions when using DOS utilities
  • Removing a DOS file
  • Creating a DOS directory
  • Removing a DOS directory
  • Formatting a DOS floppy
  • Using mounted DOS filesystems
    • Points to note when using files on a mounted DOS filesystem
• Chapter 7: Working with disks, tapes, and CD-ROMs
  • Using UNIX devices
    • Identifying device files
    • Default devices
  • Using floppy disk drives
    • Formatting floppy disks
    • Determining how many disks you need for a backup
  • Using tapes
    • Formatting tapes
    • Rewinding, erasing, and retensioning tapes
  • Using CD-ROMs
  • Creating a backup with tar
    • Listing the files in a tar backup
    • Extracting files from a tar backup
  • Creating a backup with cpio
    • Listing the files in a cpio backup
    • Extracting files from a cpio backup
• Chapter 8: Using UUCP and dialup commands
  • Transferring files between UNIX systems
    • Using the uucp command
  • Executing commands on remote UNIX systems
  • Dialing up remote systems
    • Connecting to a remote terminal
    • Using two computers at the same time
    • Transferring text files with take and put
• Chapter 9: Using a secure system
  • How system security works
  • Login security
  • What to do if you cannot log in
  • Password security
  • Changing your password
    • If you are not allowed to change your password
    • If you are allowed to change your password
  • File security
    • Security for files in sticky directories
  • Other security tips
  • Using su to access another account
  • Using commands on a trusted system
    • Authorizations
    • Listing authorizations and running authorized commands
  • Data encryption
    • crypt--encode/decode files
• Chapter 10: Configuring and working with the shells
  • What is a shell?
  • What the different shells are for
    • Identifying your login shell
    • What happens when you log in
  • Understanding variables
    • Setting shell variables
    • Setting environment variables
    • Exporting variables to the environment
    • A sample login script
    • Resetting the environment
  • Some features to make life easier
    • Making your prompt tell you where you are
    • Adding a logout script
    • Recalling and editing previous commands
  • Using aliases
    • How aliases are executed
  • How the shell works
    • How the shell executes commands
• Chapter 11: Automating frequent tasks
  • Creating a shell script
    • Running a script under any shell
    • Writing a short shell script: an example
    • Passing arguments to a shell script
    • Performing arithmetic and comparing variables
    • Performing arithmetic on variables in the Korn shell
  • Sending a message to a terminal
    • The echo command
    • The print command (Korn shell only)
    • More about redirecting input and output
  • Getting input from a file or a terminal
    • Reading a single character from a file or a terminal
    • Attaching a file to a file descriptor
  • What to do if something goes wrong
    • Solving problems with the environment
    • Solving problems with your script
    • What to do if your shell script fails
  • Writing a readability analysis program: an example
    • How to structure a program
    • Making a command repeat: the for loop
    • Getting options from the command line: getopts
    • Repeating commands zero or more times: the while loop
    • Repeating commands one or more times: the until loop
    • Making choices and testing input
    • Choosing one of two options: the if statement
    • Different kinds of test
    • Testing exit values
    • The && and || operators
    • Making multiway choices: the case statement
    • Generating a simple menu: the select statement
    • Expanding the example: counting words
    • Making menus
    • Assigning variables default values
  • Tuning script performance
  • How programs perform
  • How to control program performance
    • Number of processes generated
    • Number of data bytes accessed
    • Shortening data files
    • Shortening directory searches
    • Directory-search order and the PATH variable
    • Recommended ways to set up directories
  • Putting everything together
    • Readability analysis
    • Extending the example
  • Other useful examples
    • Mail tools
    • File tools
    • Useful routines
    • Context sensitive scripts
• Chapter 12: Regular expressions
  • Literal characters in regular expressions
  • Metacharacters in regular expressions
  • Wildcard characters
  • Editor regular expressions
    • Escaping metacharacters
    • Regular expression grouping
    • Precedence in regular expressions
    • Regular expression summary
  • Korn shell regular expressions
• Chapter 13: Using awk
  • Basic awk
    • Fields
    • Program structure
    • Running awk programs
    • Formatting awk output
  • Variables
    • Field variables
    • Built-in variables
    • User-defined variables
    • Number or string?
    • A handful of useful one-liners
  • Error messages
  • Patterns
    • Using simple patterns
    • BEGIN and END
    • Relational operators
    • Regular expressions
    • Combining patterns
    • Pattern ranges
  • Actions
    • Performing arithmetic
  • Functions
    • Using arithmetic functions
    • Using strings and string functions
  • Control flow statements
    • if statements
    • while statements
    • for statements
    • Flow control statements
  • Arrays
    • User-defined functions
    • Some lexical conventions
  • awk output
    • The print statement
    • Output separators
    • The printf statement
    • Output into files
    • Output into pipes
  • Input
    • Files and pipes
    • Input separators
    • Multiline records
    • Multiline records and the getline function
    • Command-line arguments
  • Using awk with other commands and the shell
    • The system function
    • Cooperation with the shell
  • Spanning multiple lines
  • Example applications
    • Generating reports
    • Word frequencies
    • Accumulation
    • Random choice
    • Shell facility
• Chapter 14: Manipulating text with sed
  • What is sed?
  • Using sed
    • Writing sed commands
    • How sed commands are carried out
  • Addresses
    • Line addresses
    • Context addresses
  • Functions
    • Whole-line oriented functions
    • Substitute functions
    • The transform function
    • Input-output functions
    • Multiple input-line functions
    • Hold and get functions
    • Flow-of-control functions
    • Comments in sed
    • Miscellaneous functions
• Appendix A: An overview of the system
  • Origins of the UNIX system
  • The design of the UNIX operating system
    • The applications level
    • The system utilities
    • System services
    • The UNIX system kernel
  • How multi-tasking works
    • Memory management
    • The UNIX system life cycle
  • Understanding filesystems and devices
    • Files and filesystems
    • Device files
  • How to think about system tools
• Appendix B: vi commands
• Appendix C: DOS command equivalents
• Appendix D: Sample shell startup files
  • The Bourne shell .profile
  • The Korn shell .profile and .kshrc
  • The C-shell .login and .cshrc
• Appendix E: Further reading
  • Learning awk
  • Learning sed
  • Learning the shells
  • Learning the C programming language
  • Understanding the UNIX system
• Glossary
• Index